WAEC Agriculture Science exam depend
that you cover the entire listed topic
and understand it. The nice thing about
Agric Science as a subject is that it deals
with things around us, thing we eat
and things we use. Rather than looking for an easy way to pass your WAEC Agric exam 2018, take out some time
concentrate on these topics, it covers
both theories and practical Agric Science
subject and you are sure for a credit
pass in your exam. There is no easy way to success but my
working hard you will be proud of
what you have achieve and will be
willing to improve and do better in
everyday of your life. Read, practice and
work hard.
Theory and Objective Agricultural
Science Basic Concepts of Agriculture
Agricultural Ecology
Farm Mechanization
Crop Production
Animal Production
Agricultural Economics and Extension Practical Agricultural Science Agricultural Ecology Laboratory work on physical properties of soil
(a) mechanical analysis by
sedimentation and also by the use of
hydrometer method or sieves,
(b) determination of bulk density and
total pore space,
(c) determination of moisture content of a moist soil sample,
(d) determination of maximum water
holding capacity,
(e) determination of wilting point to be
demonstrated,
(f) determination of capillary action. Laboratory work on chemical properties of soil.
(a) demonstration of soil acidity using
pH meter and/or any other gadget or
simple equipment,
(b) demonstration of the phenomenon of cation exchange capacity,
(c) identification of common types of
chemical fertilizers.
(d) Organic manure.
Irrigation and drainage
Farm Mechanization
1. Farm tools and equipment
2. Tractor and animal drawn implements
3. Harvesting, processing and
storage equipment.
4. Farm tractor
5. Uses and maintenance of horticultural, a. tools and
implements
6. Livestock and fishery equipment,
7. Elementary surveying equipment
Crop Production
1. Seeds, seedlings, fruits and storage
organs of crops.
2. Main pests and diseases of crops
3. Planting dates, seed rates, plant population and seed quality tests
of the more common local crop
plants.
4. Preparation of seedbeds, fertilizer
application, mulching, pesticide
application, watering, vegetative
propagation,
5. Forest products and by-products
in the locality.
6. Methods of propagation of
horticultural plants
7. Common weeds
(a)What is:
(i) Peasant farming;
(ii) Commercial farming?
(b)Describe five ways in which agriculture contributes to the
economic development of your country?
*OBSERVATIONS*
A good number of candidates attempted this question and
scored high marks. Most of the candidates provided answers
to the question but a few of them mistook subsistence
farming for peasant farming and could not really expatiate on
how agriculture contributes to economic development.
*Candidates were expected to answer thus:
(a) (i) Peasant farming is a small scale farming involving the
use of simple farm implements. It involves the use of small
farm holdings.Production is for home consumption and for export.*
(ii) Commercial farming is the large scale farming involving
the use of machinery. Other forms of capital such as
irrigation, improved seedling, fertilizers are also used for
production. Production is both for domestic and international
markets.
(b) (i) Agriculture provides food and therefore reduces
importation.
(ii) Agricultural exports provide foreign exchange for
development.
(iii) Increased food production helps to keep down the rate of
inflation.
(iv) Agriculture provides raw materials for industrial
development.
(v) Agriculture provides a market for equipment and other
agricultural inputs produced by the industrial sector.
(vi) Agricultural incomes also create a market for
manufactured consumer goods.
(vii) Savings obtained from agricultural sector increase the
saving in the economy.
(viii) Tax on agricultural incomes yields revenue to
government for capital formation.
(ix) Agriculture provides employment for the growing labour
force.
(x) Development in agriculture releases excess labour to work
in industries
*QUESTION 4*
(a)Distinguish between small scale production and large scale
production.
(b)Describe any five internal economies of large scale
production.
*OBSERVATIONS*
This question attracted a good number of candidates who
performed above average. However, few of the candidates
could not clearly distinguish between small scale production
and large scale production.
*Candidates were expected to answer thus:*
(a) Small scale production is production with small capital
outlay and therefore at a low level of output. On the other
hand large scale production is production with a large scale
outlay and therefore results in high level of output.
(b) Some of the internal economies of large scale production
are:
(i) Technical economies: a large firm has the advantage in the
use of factor inputs which results in lower cost per unit of
output.
(ii) Financial economies: a large scale producer can borrow
money from financial institution at lower rate because it can
offer better collateral security.
(iii) Marketing economies: a large firm can buy inputs in bulk
and possibly at discounts. It can also pay less on
transportation and advertisement which result in lower
operating cost.
(iv) Managerial economies: when output is increasing
managerial cost increases at a slower rate. Number of
managerial staff may increase with output. OR as output
increase, specialists can be employed to take charge of the
various processes e.g. marketing.
(v) Risk-bearing economies: a large firm is able to bear
losses arising from its operations as it can provide insurance
coverage. OR It can also diversify its product and its market.
(vi) Welfare economies: a large firm can provide better
conditions of service which may enhance the level of
productivity and also attract highly skilled manpower.
(vii) Research economies: a large firm can invest huge
amount on research and thereby experience technical
progress.
*
*QUESTION 5*
(a) Explain four benefits of industrial development in an
economy.
(b) Outline any four measures that will encourage industrial
growth in your country.
*OBSERVATIONS*
This question was popular among the candidates, but most of
the candidates were unable to score maximum marks
because of their inability to expatiate their points. Candidates
were expected to provide the following answer to score
maximum marks in this question.
(a) (i) provision of employment opportunities;
(ii) diversification of the economy;
(iii) saving and earning of foreign exchange;
(iv) a high standard of living;
(v) increased government revenue;
(vi) it reduces the country’s balance of payments problems;
(vii) it aids expansion in infrastructure;
(viii) technological progress.
(ix) increase in Gross Domestic Product.
(x) controls inflation
(xi) encourages the agricultural sector to produce raw
materials.
(b)
(i) development of infrastructure;
(ii) establishment of financial institutions to aid private
enterprises;
(iii) tax incentives to industries;
(iv) training of more man power relevant to the industrial
sector;
(v) sound economic policies;
(vi) direct government participation;
(vii) stable political environment;
(viii) removal of administrative bottlenecks which will hinder
industrial growth.
*COMPLETED BY SHINING STAR SOLUTION TEAM*
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